We won't go to the beach
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If it rains, the grass gets wet |
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If it rains, we won't go to the beach |
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If it rained, we wouldn't go to the beach |
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If it had rained, we wouldn't have gone to the beach |
The conditional is normally used to speak about hypothetical past/present/future situations. In that case, we will have to use a “Conditional sentence”, a structure with two clauses.
Las Oraciones Condicionales se utilizan para hablar de situaciones hipotéticas pasadas/presentes/futuras. Estas oraciones tienen dos partes o "proposiciones".
- an IF clause (the hypothesis) - la oración con IF (la hipótesis)
- a MAIN clause (the consequence of the hypothesis being true). - la oración principal (consecuencia)
If it rains, the grass gets wet (Si llueve, la hierba se moja) - siempre
If it rains, we won't go to the beach (Si llueve, no iremos a la playa) - está muy nublado
If it rained, we wouldn't go to the beach (Si lloviera, no iríamos a la playa) - hace sol
If it had rained, we wouldn't have gone to the beach (Si hubiera llovido, no habríamos ido a la playa) - ya fuimos
There are FOUR kinds of Conditional Sentences according to: (hay cuatro tipos de condicionales según...)
- The degree of certainty about the conditional: always / probable / unlikely / impossible (el grado de certeza de la hipótesis)
- The time when the condition occurs: Past / Present / Future (el tiempo)
They are called "Zero" / "First" / "Second" / "Third" CONDITIONALS. You will learn "Zero" and "First" Conditionals.
ZERO
[ IF + PRESENT SIMPLE ], [ PRESENT SIMPLE ]
It is used when you want to talk about something which always happens the same or which is always true (e.g. scientific statements).
Se utiliza cuando queremos hablar de algo que ocurre siempre de la misma forma o que siempre es cierto (p.ej. afirmaciones científicas). En este caso, podríamos sustituir IF por WHEN sin que cambie el significado).
If you mix blue and yellow, you get green (Si mezclas azul y amarillo, sale verde)
If you want to be fit, you have to do some exercise (Si quieres estar en forma, hay que hacer ejercicio)
If you heat water to 100ºC, it boils (Si calientas agua a 100ºC, hierve)
If you go to bed late, you feel tired (Si te acuestas tarde, te sientes cansado)
FIRST
[ IF + PRESENT SIMPLE ], [ WILL - FUTURE ]
It is used when we consider that there is a real possibility for the situation to become true in the present or future.
Se utiliza cuando consideramos que hay una posibilidad real de que la hipótesis se cumpla en el presente o futuro.
If she saves enough money, she will buy a new bike (Si ella ahorra suficiente dinero, se comprará una bici nueva)
If I have time, I'll go to the gym (Si tengo tiempo, iré al gimnasio)
If you don't work harder, you will fail your exam (Si no trabajas duro, suspenderás el examen)
If I go to the party, I will wear my favourite dress (Si voy a la fiesta, me pondré mi vestido favorito)